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数据库碎片查询及优化
2026-01-31
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简介1：全库查询方法SELECT*FROM(SELECTSO.NAMEASobject_name,SI.NAMEASindex_name,IPS.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,(page_count*8.0/1024.0)ASsize_in_mB,si.type_descFROMsys.Dm_db_index_physical_stats(Db_id(),NULL,NULL
1：全库查询方法
SELECT * FROM (SELECT SO.NAME AS object_name, SI.NAME AS index_name, IPS.avg_fragmentation_in_percent, ( page_count * 8.0 / 1024.0 ) AS size_in_mB, si.type_desc FROM sys.Dm_db_index_physical_stats(Db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) IPS INNER JOIN sys.indexes SI ON SI.index_id = IPS.index_id INNER JOIN sys.objects SO ON SO.object_id = SI.object_id AND IPS.object_id = SO.object_id WHERE alloc_unit_type_desc = 'IN_ROW_DATA' AND index_level = 0 AND SI.NAME IS NOT NULL AND SO.is_ms_shipped = 0) t ORDER BY t.avg_fragmentation_in_percent DESC
2：单个表查询方法
SELECT SO.NAME AS object_name, SI.NAME AS index_name, IPS.avg_fragmentation_in_percent, ( page_count * 8.0 / 1024.0 ) AS size_in_mB, si.type_desc FROM sys.Dm_db_index_physical_stats(Db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) IPS INNER JOIN sys.indexes SI ON SI.index_id = IPS.index_id INNER JOIN sys.objects SO ON SO.object_id = SI.object_id AND IPS.object_id = SO.object_id WHERE alloc_unit_type_desc = 'IN_ROW_DATA' AND index_level = 0 AND SI.NAME IS NOT NULL AND SO.is_ms_shipped = 0 AND so.name = 'T_META_OBJECTTYPE_L'--替换实际表名
2963ebbfd4fd0e7f47c77b09402c9e0f.docx
3：业务无使用的时候运行重建索引脚本
IF Object_id('tempdb..#temp_table_info') <> 0
DROP TABLE #temp_table_info
IF Object_id('tempdb..#indexinfo') <> 0
DROP TABLE #indexinfo
-- 创建临时表
CREATE TABLE #temp_table_info
(
TABLE_NAME SYSNAME
);
CREATE TABLE #indexinfo
(
id INT IDENTITY(1, 1),
object_name SYSNAME,
fragmentpercent FLOAT,
execsql SYSNAME,
objsize_mb FLOAT
);
go
SET nocount ON
DECLARE @record_log_flag BIT = 1 --记录索引重建优化的详细日志到表中，0表示false,1表示true
DECLARE @log_retention_time INT = 7 --日志保留时间，单位是天
DECLARE @i INT
DECLARE @icount INT
DECLARE @sql AS VARCHAR(max)
DECLARE @tbsize AS DECIMAL(19, 3)
DECLARE @driversize AS INT
DECLARE @logunusedsize INT=0
DECLARE @message VARCHAR(300)
DECLARE @tbname SYSNAME
DECLARE @begintime DATETIME
DECLARE @tmpbegintime DATETIME
DECLARE @tmpendtime DATETIME
DECLARE @tmpDurationInSeconds INT
DECLARE @worktime INT = 360
DECLARE @work_end_time DATETIME --任务截至时间
DECLARE @worktimeflag BIT
DECLARE @exectabs VARCHAR(max) = ''
DECLARE @noexectabs VARCHAR(max) = ''
DECLARE @checklogsize BIT=0
DECLARE @currenttablename VARCHAR(max)
DECLARE @delimiter CHAR(1) = ','
DECLARE @startindex INT = 1
DECLARE @fragmentpercent FLOAT
----------可人工调整的部分开始----------
--SET @worktime = 240 --允许脚本执行的工作时间，单位为分钟，默认为6个小时（0表示不限制工作时间，直至所有符合条件的索引重建完成）
--SET @noexectabs='T_BAS_OPERATELOGBK,T_BAS_OPERATELOGBK_S'--人工指定对某些表不进行重建索引，格式为't3,t4',默认为''(即不指定,对全库碎片率超过5的索引进行重建优化)
----------可人工调整的部分结束----------
DECLARE @noexectabslen INT = Len(@noexectabs);
DECLARE @exectabslen INT = Len(@exectabs);
IF @record_log_flag = 1
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = Object_id(N'[dbo].[KDIndexMaintenanceLog]')
AND type IN ( N'U' ))
--创建日志表
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE [dbo].KDIndexMaintenanceLog
(
ID INT IDENTITY(1, 1) PRIMARY KEY,-- 自增ID作为主键
[TableName] SYSNAME NOT NULL,
objsize_mb FLOAT NOT NULL,
[AvgFragmentationInPercent] [FLOAT] NOT NULL,
execsql [NVARCHAR](200),
[RebuildStartTime] [DATETIME] NULL,
[RebuildEndTime] [DATETIME] NULL,
[DurationInSeconds] [INT] NULL
);
--创建索引
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_KDIndexMaintenanceLog
ON KDIndexMaintenanceLog (TableName, RebuildStartTime);
END
--清理过期日志
DELETE FROM [dbo].KDIndexMaintenanceLog
WHERE [RebuildStartTime] < Dateadd(DAY, -@log_retention_time, Cast (Getdate() AS DATE))
END
IF @worktime > 0
BEGIN
SET @work_end_time= Dateadd(MINUTE, @worktime, Getdate())
SET @worktimeflag=1
END
ELSE
SET @worktimeflag=0
--判断sql server版本是否高于2008 r2
IF ( Cast(Serverproperty('ProductMajorVersion') AS INT) > 10
OR ( Cast(Serverproperty('ProductMajorVersion') AS INT) = 10
AND Cast(Serverproperty('ProductMinorVersion') AS INT) >= 50 ) )
SET @checklogsize=1
IF ( @worktimeflag = 1
AND @work_end_time <= Getdate() )
BEGIN
SET @message=N'停止执行。当前系统时间为：'
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), Getdate(), 121)
+ N'超过了任务截至时间:' + @work_end_time
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
RETURN
END;
SET @message=N'开始获取需要优化的表'
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), Getdate(), 121)
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
IF Len(Ltrim(Rtrim(@exectabs))) > 0
BEGIN
SET @startindex=1
WHILE @startindex <= @exectabslen
BEGIN
SET @currenttablename = Ltrim(Rtrim(Substring(@exectabs, @startindex, CASE
WHEN Charindex(@delimiter, @exectabs, @startindex) = 0 THEN 8000
ELSE Charindex(@delimiter, @exectabs, @startindex) - @startindex
END)));
INSERT INTO #temp_table_info
(TABLE_NAME)
VALUES (@currenttablename);
SET @startindex = CASE
WHEN Charindex(@delimiter, @exectabs, @startindex) = 0 THEN @exectabslen + 1
ELSE Charindex(@delimiter, @exectabs, @startindex)
+ 1
END;
END;
WITH t
AS (SELECT SO.NAME AS object_name,
SI.NAME AS index_name,
IPS.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
( page_count * 8.0 / 1024.0 ) AS size_in_mB,
si.type_desc
FROM sys.Dm_db_index_physical_stats(Db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) IPS
INNER JOIN sys.indexes SI
ON SI.index_id = IPS.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects SO
ON SO.object_id = SI.object_id
AND IPS.object_id = SO.object_id
WHERE alloc_unit_type_desc = 'IN_ROW_DATA'
AND index_level = 0
AND SI.NAME IS NOT NULL
AND SO.is_ms_shipped = 0
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'tmp%'
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'z%'
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'gle%'
AND so.NAME IN(SELECT TABLE_NAME
FROM #temp_table_info)),
m
AS (SELECT object_name,
Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) fragmentpercent,
CASE
WHEN Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) >= 15 THEN 'dbcc dbreindex(' + object_name
+ ') with no_infomsgs'
WHEN Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) >= 5 THEN 'dbcc indexdefrag(0,' + object_name
+ ') with no_infomsgs'
ELSE ''
END execsql,
Sum(size_in_mB) objsize_mb
FROM t
WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 0
GROUP BY object_name)
INSERT INTO #indexinfo
SELECT m.*
FROM m
WHERE m.execsql <> ''
ORDER BY 2 DESC
END
ELSE IF Len(Ltrim(Rtrim(@noexectabs))) > 0
BEGIN
SET @startindex=1
WHILE @startindex <= @noexectabslen
BEGIN
SET @currenttablename = Ltrim(Rtrim(Substring(@noexectabs, @startindex, CASE
WHEN Charindex(@delimiter, @noexectabs, @startindex) = 0 THEN 8000
ELSE Charindex(@delimiter, @noexectabs, @startindex) - @startindex
END)));
INSERT INTO #temp_table_info
(TABLE_NAME)
VALUES (@currenttablename);
SET @startindex = CASE
WHEN Charindex(@delimiter, @noexectabs, @startindex) = 0 THEN @noexectabslen + 1
ELSE Charindex(@delimiter, @noexectabs, @startindex)
+ 1
END;
END;
WITH t
AS (SELECT SO.NAME AS object_name,
SI.NAME AS index_name,
IPS.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
( page_count * 8.0 / 1024.0 ) AS size_in_mB,
si.type_desc
FROM sys.Dm_db_index_physical_stats(Db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) IPS
INNER JOIN sys.indexes SI
ON SI.index_id = IPS.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects SO
ON SO.object_id = SI.object_id
AND IPS.object_id = SO.object_id
WHERE alloc_unit_type_desc = 'IN_ROW_DATA'
AND index_level = 0
AND SI.NAME IS NOT NULL
AND SO.is_ms_shipped = 0
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'tmp%'
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'z%'
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'gle%'
AND so.NAME NOT IN(SELECT TABLE_NAME
FROM #temp_table_info)),
m
AS (SELECT object_name,
Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) fragmentpercent,
CASE
WHEN Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) >= 15 THEN 'dbcc dbreindex(' + object_name
+ ') with no_infomsgs'
WHEN Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) >= 5 THEN 'dbcc indexdefrag(0,' + object_name
+ ') with no_infomsgs'
ELSE ''
END execsql,
Sum(size_in_mB) objsize_mb
FROM t
WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 0
GROUP BY object_name)
INSERT INTO #indexinfo
SELECT m.*
FROM m
WHERE m.execsql <> ''
ORDER BY 2 DESC
END
ELSE
BEGIN
WITH t
AS (SELECT SO.NAME AS object_name,
SI.NAME AS index_name,
IPS.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
( page_count * 8.0 / 1024.0 ) AS size_in_mB,
si.type_desc
FROM sys.Dm_db_index_physical_stats(Db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) IPS
INNER JOIN sys.indexes SI
ON SI.index_id = IPS.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects SO
ON SO.object_id = SI.object_id
AND IPS.object_id = SO.object_id
WHERE alloc_unit_type_desc = 'IN_ROW_DATA'
AND index_level = 0
AND SI.NAME IS NOT NULL
AND SO.is_ms_shipped = 0
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'tmp%'
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'z%'
AND so.NAME NOT LIKE 'gle%'),
m
AS (SELECT object_name,
Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) fragmentpercent,
CASE
WHEN Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) >= 15 THEN 'dbcc dbreindex(' + object_name
+ ') with no_infomsgs'
WHEN Max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) >= 5 THEN 'dbcc indexdefrag(0,' + object_name
+ ') with no_infomsgs'
ELSE ''
END execsql,
Sum(size_in_mB) objsize_mb
FROM t
WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 0
GROUP BY object_name)
INSERT INTO #indexinfo
SELECT m.*
FROM m
WHERE m.execsql <> ''
ORDER BY 2 DESC
END
SET @icount=(SELECT Count(1)
FROM #indexinfo);
SET @message=N'结束获取需要优化的表'
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), Getdate(), 121)
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
IF @icount = 0
BEGIN
SET @message=N'数据库：' + Db_name() + N'不需要优化'
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
RETURN
END;
SET @begintime=Getdate()
SET @message=N'数据库：' + Db_name() + N'，开始时间： '
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), @begintime, 121)
+ N' 总共需要执行:' + Cast(@icount AS VARCHAR)
+ N' 条语句'
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
SET @i=1
WHILE @i <= @icount
BEGIN
SELECT @sql = execsql,
@tbsize = objsize_mb,
@tbname = object_name,
@fragmentpercent = fragmentpercent
FROM #indexinfo
WHERE id = @i
IF( @checklogsize = 1 )
BEGIN
SELECT @driversize = Cast(Cast(available_bytes AS DECIMAL) / ( 1024 * 1024 ) AS BIGINT)
FROM sys.master_files AS f
CROSS APPLY sys.Dm_os_volume_stats(f.database_id, f.file_id)
WHERE f.database_id = Db_id()
AND f.type_desc = 'LOG';
SELECT @logunusedsize = ( total_log_size_in_bytes - used_log_space_in_bytes ) / 1024 / 1024
FROM sys.dm_db_log_space_usage
IF @i = 1
BEGIN
SET @message=N'日志可用空间为(MB)：'
+ Cast(@logunusedsize AS VARCHAR)
+ N';磁盘可用空间为(MB)：'
+ Cast(@driversize AS VARCHAR)
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
END;
END
IF ( @worktimeflag = 1
AND @work_end_time <= Getdate() )
BEGIN
SET @message=N'停止执行。因为当前系统时间为：'
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), Getdate(), 121)
+ N'超过了开始工作时间范围'
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), @work_end_time, 121)
+ N'不允许执行优化计划'
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
RETURN
END
IF ( @tbsize > ( @driversize + @logunusedsize )
AND @checklogsize = 1 )
BEGIN
SET @message=N'磁盘可用空间和日志可用空间不足，执行终止。原因：表:' + @tbname
+ N'总需空间大小(MB)：' + Cast(@tbsize AS VARCHAR)
+ N';日志可用空间为(MB)：'
+ Cast(@logunusedsize AS VARCHAR)
+ N';磁盘可用空间为(MB)：'
+ Cast(@driversize AS VARCHAR)
RAISERROR(@message,16,1);
RETURN
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @message= Cast(@i AS VARCHAR) + '/'
+ Cast(@icount AS VARCHAR) + N'('
+ Cast(@tbsize AS VARCHAR) + 'MB)：' + @tbname
SET @tmpbegintime=Getdate()
IF @record_log_flag = 1
BEGIN
--记录日志
INSERT INTO KDIndexMaintenanceLog
(TableName,
objsize_mb,
AvgFragmentationInPercent,
execsql,
RebuildStartTime)
VALUES (@tbname,
@tbsize,
@fragmentpercent,
@sql,
@tmpbegintime)
END
EXEC(@sql)
SET @tmpendtime=Getdate()
SET @tmpDurationInSeconds = Datediff(second, @tmpbegintime, @tmpendtime)
IF @record_log_flag = 1
BEGIN
--更新日志表中索引优化完成时间
UPDATE KDIndexMaintenanceLog
SET RebuildEndTime = @tmpendtime,
DurationInSeconds = @tmpDurationInSeconds
WHERE TableName = @tbname
AND RebuildStartTime = @tmpbegintime;
END
SET @message=@message + N':'
+ Cast (@tmpDurationInSeconds AS NVARCHAR)
+ N'秒'
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);
END
SET @i=@i + 1
END
SET @message=N'数据库：' + Db_name() + N'，结束时间： '
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), Getdate(), 121)
+ N' 总耗时(秒)：'
+ Cast(Datediff(ss, @begintime, Getdate()) AS VARCHAR)
RAISERROR(@message,0,1);4：如果以上执行未完成，下次可以继续进行上次未完成的作业
如果部分未执行到可以单独手动执行，确保无业务使用的时候执行
dbcc dbreindex('T_CRM_CUSTOMER')--老版本SQL单表重建索引
-- 重建表的所有索引（离线，会锁表，适合维护窗口）
ALTER INDEX ALL ON T_CRM_CUSTOMER REBUILD;
GO
-- 在线重建索引（需企业版，不锁表，适合生产环境）
ALTER INDEX ALL ON T_CRM_CUSTOMER REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = ON, FILLFACTOR = 90);
GO
-- 仅重建指定索引（例如非聚集索引 IX_T_CRM_CUSTOMER_PHONE）
ALTER INDEX IX_T_CRM_CUSTOMER_PHONE ON T_CRM_CUSTOMER REBUILD;
GO5：查询单表优化后的情况
-- 检查 T_CRM_CUSTOMER 表的所有索引碎片情况
DBCC SHOWCONTIG('T_CRM_CUSTOMER')
GO
-- 详细模式（输出更全的统计信息，推荐）
DBCC SHOWCONTIG('T_CRM_CUSTOMER') WITH ALL_INDEXES, TABLERESULTS
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